In the treaty process, after the president negotiates and the Senate consents, who ratifies the treaty?

In the treaty process, after the president negotiates and the Senate consents, who ratifies the treaty?

• A. The President
• B. The Senate
• C. The House of Representatives
• D. The Supreme Court

Answer: (A)

Treaties become binding after Congress has a say and the President completes the final step. The President negotiates and signs treaties, but the Senate must approve them with a two-thirds vote. Once the Senate has given its consent, the formal act of making the treaty binding is the President’s ratification, typically by signing and exchanging instruments of ratification with the foreign government. The House of Representatives does not ratify treaties, and the Supreme Court does not have a role in ratifying them. So the President is the one who ratifies a treaty after Senate consent.

Treaties become binding after Congress has a say and the President completes the final step. The President negotiates and signs treaties, but the Senate must approve them with a two-thirds vote. Once the Senate has given its consent, the formal act of making the treaty binding is the President’s ratification, typically by signing and exchanging instruments of ratification with the foreign government. The House of Representatives does not ratify treaties, and the Supreme Court does not have a role in ratifying them. So the President is the one who ratifies a treaty after Senate consent.